Immunomodulatory molecule PD-L1 is expressed on malignant plasma cells and myeloma-propagating pre-plasma cells in the bone marrow of multiple myeloma patients
نویسندگان
چکیده
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy and develops from a malignant plasma cell (PC) clone within the human bone marrow (BM). The proliferation and expansion of the malignant PC producing a monoclonal immunoglobulin eventually results in BM failure with anemia, skeletal involvement with osteolytic lesions and hypercalcemia, and renal failure due to the excessive production of paraprotein.
منابع مشابه
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عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 5 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2015